Nvidia 驱动
概述
本文档主要记录一下在 Ubuntu Desktop 下安装 Nvidia 驱动和 CUDA 的过程。
环境
- 操作系统：Ubuntu Desktop 22.04.3
- ESXi: 8.0 Update 2
- 显卡：NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090
提示
在 ESXi 的虚拟机里安装 Nvidia 驱动，需确保已关闭虚拟机配置引导选项里的 启用 UEFI 安全引导，否则可能会出现正常安装驱动后，但无法找到显卡的问题。详细操作请参考 GPU 直通文档[链接]。
操作
更新依赖
打开终端（Terminal），更新系统依赖。
bash
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade安装驱动
可视化安装
打开 Software & Updates，选择 Additional Drivers 选项卡，选择 Using NVIDIA driver (open kernel) metapackage from nvidia-driver-545-open (proprietary)，点击 Apply 完成驱动的安装。
驱动安装完毕后需重启系统。
命令行安装
Ubuntu 提供了驱动管理命令：
bash
# 获取可安装的驱动列表
$ ubuntu-drivers list
open-vm-tools-desktop
nvidia-driver-545, (kernel modules provided by nvidia-dkms-545)
nvidia-driver-535-server-open, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-535-server-open-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-525-server, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-525-server-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-545-open, (kernel modules provided by nvidia-dkms-545-open)
nvidia-driver-535, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-535-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-525, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-525-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-535-server, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-535-server-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-525-open, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-525-open-generic-hwe-22.04)
nvidia-driver-535-open, (kernel modules provided by linux-modules-nvidia-535-open-generic-hwe-22.04)
# 安装驱动
$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-545-open验证
重启后，打开终端（Terminal），输入 nvidia-smi 验证驱动是否正常安装。
bash
$ nvidia-smi
Tue Feb 6 22:50:54 2024
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 545.29.06 Driver Version: 545.29.06 CUDA Version: 12.3 |
|-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Off | 00000000:03:00.0 Off | Off |
| 35% 29C P8 7W / 450W | 19MiB / 24564MiB | 0% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=======================================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 1588 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 4MiB |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+安装 CUDA
安装
打开 Nvidia 官方 CUDA 下载页面[链接]，找到待安装的 CUDA Toolkit 版本，这里选择 12.3.2。进去下载页面后，依次选择 Linux、x86_64、Ubuntu、22.04、runfile (local)，下载安装包：
bash
# 下载安装包
$ wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.3.2/local_installers/cuda_12.3.2_545.23.08_linux.run
# 安装
# 因为我们已经安装过驱动了，因此这里不要勾选安装驱动，只安装 CUDA
$ sudo sh ./cuda_12.3.2_545.23.08_linux.run
┌─ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt┐
│ CUDA Installer │
│ - [ ] Driver │
│ [ ] 545.23.08 │
│ + [X] CUDA Toolkit 12.3 │
│ [X] CUDA Demo Suite 12.3 │
│ [X] CUDA Documentation 12.3 │
│ - [ ] Kernel Objects │
│ [ ] nvidia-fs │
│ Options │
│ Install │
│ │
│ Up/Down: Move | Left/Right: Expand | 'Enter': Select | 'A': Advanced options │
└─ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt┘
===========
= Summary =
===========
Driver: Not Selected
Toolkit: Installed in /usr/local/cuda-12.3/
Please make sure that
- PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.3/bin
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.3/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-12.3/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root
To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run cuda-uninstaller in /usr/local/cuda-12.3/bin
***WARNING: Incomplete installation! This installation did not install the CUDA Driver. A driver of version at least 545.00 is required for CUDA 12.3 functionality to work.
To install the driver using this installer, run the following command, replacing <CudaInstaller> with the name of this run file:
sudo <CudaInstaller>.run --silent --driver
Logfile is /var/log/cuda-installer.log
# 设置环境变量
# 在最后的地方加入以下环境变量
$ nano ~/.bashrc
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-12.3/
export PATH=$CUDA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CUDA_HOME/lib64
# 应用环境变量
$ source ~/.bashrc验证
完成以上步骤后，输入 nvcc --version 验证 CUDA 是否正常安装。
bash
$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2023 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Nov_22_10:17:15_PST_2023
Cuda compilation tools, release 12.3, V12.3.107
Build cuda_12.3.r12.3/compiler.33567101_0